The Problem Commission of Multilateral Cooperation of the Academies of Sciences of Socialist Countries "History of the Great October and Subsequent Socialist Revolutions" held a scientific conference "Defense of the gains of Socialist Revolutions"in Baku on May 23-26, 1984. It was organized by the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the complex problem "History of the Great October Socialist Revolution" and the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. It was attended by historians and philosophers of the USSR, UXO, WNR, SRV, GDR, Cuba, MNR, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Many aspects of the historical experience of defending revolutionary gains in the light of modern times were analyzed and issues that need further development were identified. The conference was attended by members of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan headed by First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan K. M. Bagirov. In his welcoming speech, R. E. Mehdiyev, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, stressed the importance of Lenin's precepts that the revolution must be able to defend itself and that the socialist world opposes its fraternal international alliance to the aggressiveness of world imperialism. In this regard, R. E. Mehdiyev recalled the historical experience of the Baku Commune in 1918. He also stressed that during the years of Soviet power, the Azerbaijani people have well learned the great power of cooperation and mutual assistance of all nations and nationalities of our great Motherland.

The central report of the Chairman of the Scientific Council and the Problem Commission, Academician I. I. Mints, "Lenin's Ideas on defending the gains of the Revolution and modernity" was aimed at further studying Lenin's legacy and developing new problems put forward by life, strengthening the role of history in educating young people and all working people in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and proletarian internationalism. The speaker analyzed Lenin's propositions about imperialism as the main enemy of socialism, democracy, and peace, about the American imperialists as organizers and inspirers of the actions of reactionary forces, and about the methods they use against all socialist revolutions. In this connection, the importance of a series of works on the history of imperialist intervention against the Soviet republics in 1917-1922, prepared under the auspices of the Scientific Council, is obvious. It is very relevant to develop, based on concrete historical material, the provisions on the growing role of the masses of the people in the revolutionary and transformative activities and defense of socialism, Lenin's ideas on the decisive role of Marxist-Leninist theory in organizing the struggle against external and internal counterrevolution, and on the "warring party" in wartime. Lenin's definition of the foreign policy of the socialist country as "the policy of defending the socialist fatherland," the cause of socialism and world peace, deserves special elaboration. Historians of the countries of the socialist community, noted I. I. Mints, gathered for the first time to jointly reflect on the experience gained by the October Revolution and other victorious socialist revolutions in the struggle against world imperialism, agree on the preparation of a joint work on this issue and outline the problems of current research.

A. M. Sovokin, in his report "Lenin's doctrine of the Defense of the Socialist Fatherland - an integral part of the theory of the socialist revolution", showed the theoretical development of the instructions of K. Marx and F. Kropotkin in the conditions of the new era. Engels on the necessity of preparing the proletariat to repel the attempts of the world bourgeoisie to-

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to put pressure on the victorious revolutions by military means, on the legality and justice of defensive wars in defense of socialism. In this connection, the importance of V. I. Lenin's development of the military program of the revolution, his instructions on the necessity and ways of arming the proletariat, and revolutionary work in the army was emphasized.

Corresponding member Yu. A. Polyakov, in his report "Imperialism - the main enemy of socialist revolutions", drew attention to the relevance of Lenin's criticism of anti-scientific ideas about "pushing" the revolution from the outside. The Communists oppose the export of the revolution. At the same time, imperialist reaction makes extensive use of exporting counter-revolution. The study and application of Lenin's theses on this question, the knowledge of the characteristics and forms of counter-revolution export, both in the past and in the present, helps to unravel and thwart the criminal designs of imperialism in relation to the revolutionary conquests of the peoples.

In his report "The development of Lenin's doctrine of defending the gains of socialism in the documents of the CPSU and fraternal parties", N. R. Pankratov highlighted the following points: the need for this defense as a general law of the proletarian revolution and the construction of socialism, the expansion of the concept of defending socialism, which has become a sacred task of the working people of all countries of the socialist community; the essence and manifestations of the aggressive, anti-socialist policy of modern imperialism and measures to combat it; constant concern for strengthening the defense power and increasing the combat capability of the armed forces of the countries of the socialist commonwealth; economic, political, socio-ideological and military foundations of the military-political union of the countries of the socialist commonwealth, embodied in the Warsaw Pact; the role of socialist internationalism in preventing the export of counter-revolution; increasing the leading role of Marxist-Leninist parties in the defense of socialism, objective prerequisites and subjective factor in the implementation of this pattern.

T. A. Trukan in his report "Results and lessons of the defeat of fascism in the light of Lenin's teaching on the defense of the Socialist Fatherland" emphasized that the economic, ideological and military victory of the Soviet Union over fascist Germany showed the strength and vitality of Lenin's ideas and precepts on the defense of the socialist Fatherland.

The results and prospects of studying Lenin's legacy on the problems of defending the socialist Fatherland were the subject of Yu. I. Korablev's report. Recent years have been marked by the emergence and development of a new comprehensive field of research in the field of the Marxist-Leninist doctrine of the defense of socialism and Lenin's contribution to its development and implementation. More than 50 monographs and pamphlets, 26 doctoral and PhD theses are devoted to these topics. The source base of the "military" Leniniana has significantly expanded. The combination of problematic and concrete historical studies made it possible to show Lenin both as a theorist and as a leader of the defense of the Country of Soviets. Lenin's concept of defending revolutionary gains, civil war, and building the Armed Forces of the Soviet State is being developed in a comprehensive manner. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive nature of the study of the problem, to create a major work on the experience of the USSR and other countries of socialism in defending the revolution by peaceful and military means. Such questions as counter-revolution and the struggle against it (theory and historical experience), the ideological factor in the defense of socialism, patriotism and internationalism in the defense of the socialist Fatherland, the experience of creating and strengthening the military organization of the socialist state on the basis of Lenin's principles, and others need fundamental development.

V. P. Naumov's report dealt with the results and unsolved problems of studying the civil War of 1918-1920. It is necessary to write new works on the role of intervention in the outbreak and aggravation of the civil war, on the interventionist policy and its collapse. We need to continue searching for materials about the heroes of the civil war-fighters, partisans, underground fighters.

Much attention was paid to reports and reports that reveal the role of the main factors that ensure the defense capability of socialist states and the victorious outcome of wars in defense of the socialist Fatherland. I. B. Berkhin analyzed Lenin's provisions on the importance of creating an economic base for defending the revolution and depriving the bourgeoisie of the material base inside the country for waging civil war. In his opinion, a more thorough generalization is necessary

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the Soviet experience of creating a strong rear in 1918 - 1920, showing the essence and features of the economic policy of the Soviet state in the conditions of civil war, a comprehensive discussion of a number of controversial issues, the policy of "war communism".

E. G. Gimpelson described the methodological aspects of studying the role of the working class in defending the revolution and showed how this role was carried out during the civil war. The need to study the role of Soviets in mobilizing and organizing the masses to defend revolutionary gains was emphasized by Z. L. Serebryakova. N. F. Bugai spoke about the international significance of the experience of the revolutionary committees created in Russia and other countries during the preparation of the socialist revolution and the struggle to consolidate its gains.

The essence and main content of the ideological factor of defending revolutionary gains were described in the report of A. A. Shirman (Kiev). Speaking about Lenin's methods of ideological defense of the revolution, he emphasized the organic combination of propaganda and counter-propaganda both at home and in the international arena. When describing the main directions of ideological defense of socialism in modern conditions, the speaker highlighted such issues as the sources of wars and military danger, the class content and forms of defense of socialism, defense cooperation of socialist countries, the leading role of the Communist Party in the defense of socialism, experience and lessons in defending its conquests.

The role of the party press in mobilizing and organizing the masses to defend the revolution both in peacetime and in wartime was considered by L. A. Panchuk (Kiev), who noted the need for a special study of this topic. Criticism of bourgeois and revisionist falsifications of Lenin's military-theoretical heritage and the experience of the CPSU in the military field was contained in the reports of N. I. Khmara and H. M. Ibragimbeyli.

The reports of A. Y. Manusevich and V. F. Samoylenko were devoted to the international character of the defense of socialism and international solidarity of workers as one of the factors of successful defense of revolutionary gains. The speakers gave general data on the support of the first country of socialism by the revolutionary forces of other countries - and the participation of the international proletariat in the defense of the October Revolution. Developing this topic and enriching it with new materials is one of the urgent tasks of historians of socialist countries.

"Armed struggle as one of the main forms of defending the victorious revolution" is the subject of N. N. Azovtsev's report, which described the factors that ensured the effectiveness of the Red Army's military operations in defeating the anti - Soviet campaigns of international imperialism. The ability of Lenin and the party to train and rally cadres of military leaders from among the party's military workers and military specialists of the old army, as well as Lenin's political and military leadership of the armed struggle, were the most important reasons for the outstanding victories of the Red Army. Akad spoke about the contribution of the red Latvian riflemen to the defense of the conquests of the Great October, and about new materials on this issue. Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR A. A. Drizul (Riga). The role of the armies of the socialist commonwealth countries as a powerful deterrent to the aggressive aspirations of imperialism was highlighted by Yu. Ya. Kirshin.

At the conference, much attention was paid to the methodology of revealing the leading role of Marxist-Leninist parties as a decisive factor in the successful defense of the revolution. N. M. Yakupov (Odessa), using the example of the Russian civil war, showed the importance of the party's scientific policy, unity and cohesion of its ranks, close communication with the masses, and the struggle against revisionism. V. S. Skrobov (Sverdlovsk) shared his experience of studying the history of party and political work in the Red Army during the Civil War. Acad. The Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR G. B. Garibjanyan (Yerevan) called for the creation of new works about prominent figures of the Communist Party-organizers of the defense of the October conquests in all regions of the country, about foreign communists-internationalists who gave their lives for the cause of socialism.

Speakers noted the weak development of the history of counter-revolution and its main forms. B. I. Kaptelov recalled that the funds of the Central State Academy of Education of the USSR contain extensive materials on the history of counter-revolution, which are still little used by historians. A. I. Kozlov (Rostov-on-Don) on the example of the Kornilov region and Kaledin region showed the importance of studying vzv-

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the effects of external and internal counterrevolution, especially in the struggle against impending revolutions. V. I. Miller spoke about the class essence and peculiarities of the petty-bourgeois counter-revolution. I. R. Tagirov (Kazan) touched upon the specifics of the struggle against nationalist counter-revolution. V. N. Darienko (Kherson) emphasized the need to study the methods of psychological warfare used by the counter-revolutionary camp.

Azerbaijani scientists summarized in their reports and reports the results of research on the history of the struggle against interventionists and bourgeois-nationalist counterrevolution in Transcaucasia. Acad. A. S. Sumbatzade ("V. I. Lenin and the Defense of Revolutionary Conquests in the Republics of the Soviet East") analyzed Lenin's letters, instructions, and advice on the struggle for the consolidation of Soviet power in Transcaucasia, Central Asia, and Kazakhstan. New documents and materials about the machinations of British imperialism against the Baku Commune were used in the ACAD report. Academy of Sciences of the AzSSR P. A. Azizbekova. The historical experience and lessons of the Baku Commune were described by G. S. Asimov; a corresponding member spoke about the American plans for penetration into Transcaucasia. Academy of Sciences of the AzSSR G. A. Madatov. "Baku Workers' Conference in the struggle against Denikinism and bourgeois - nationalist counter - revolution " is the topic of K. M. Bayramov's report. P. K. Darabadi showed the significance of the defeat of the Anglo-White Guard forces in the Caspian Sea for the victory of Soviet power in Azerbaijan.

An important place in the conference was occupied by reports of scientists from the countries of the socialist commonwealth. They dealt with the experience and lessons of defending socialist revolutions, issues of military construction, difficulties in building socialism, their causes, the role of world imperialist reaction in their aggravation, the significance of proletarian internationalism in thwarting imperialist plans. Sh. Natsagdorj (MPR) summarized the Mongolian experience of defending revolutionary gains. Foreign member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Nguyen Khanh Toan (Vietnam) made a report "Reliable protection of the gains of the August Revolution", Pham Xuan Nam (Vietnam) - "Protection of the gains of the socialist Revolution in Vietnam after 1975". A. Garcia (Cuba) spoke about the experience of creating and operating committees for the protection of the revolution, which is successfully used in South Yemen, Nicaragua and a number of other countries.

K. N. Andonov and I. Vlakhov (both NRB) made presentations: "The revolutionary transformation of the Bulgarian Army (1944-1946)" and "The inseparable unity of patriotic and international duty in the functions of the Bulgarian People's Army". Hoang Phuong (Vietnam) presented a report on the role of the military organization of the Vietnamese people in defending the revolutionary gains. H. Geertz (GDR) showed the fruitfulness of the method of comparative analysis in studying the experience of military construction in European socialist countries. K. Urban (WNR) presented a report on the events in Hungary in 1953-1958. The report of A. Dobeshevsky and M. Shishko (both in Poland) analyzed the socio-political base of the counter-revolution in Poland. S. Lopatnyuk (Poland) analyzed the causes of negative situations in Poland. Corresponding member. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and Krempa (Czechoslovak SSR) made a report on the events of 1968 in Czechoslovakia.

Summing up the results of the conference, Academician I. I. Mints noted the fruitfulness of a comprehensive discussion of the problem by scientists of socialist countries. It revealed a number of problems that require coordination of research within the framework of the socialist community, the need to create works that summarize the overall experience. It is necessary to show more deeply the inseparability of socialism from the task of its reliable defense in the presence of an aggressive imperialist camp, and to better reveal the growing role of the masses of the people in the defense of the fatherland under socialism.

On behalf of the conference participants, Igor Mints expressed deep gratitude to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan and the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR for their assistance in holding the conference.

Closing the conference, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR J. B. Guliyev thanked Soviet and foreign scientists who took an active part in the discussion of the current problem of our time.

The Conference approved recommendations for further development of experience in defending the gains of socialist revolutions.

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