V. I. Lenin celebrated the anniversaries of October with great enthusiasm. In those early post-revolutionary years, the October anniversaries testified to the strengthening of the position of Soviet Russia, to the close unity of all the working people of the republic around the Bolshevik Party, and to new victories on the domestic and international fronts. How did Lenin celebrate the October celebrations?

...1918 year. The first anniversary of the RSFSR. It was one of the most difficult years for the state, the people, the party, and Lenin. The imperialist powers intervened, White Guard revolts broke out, and parties hostile to the Bolsheviks became more active. Vladimir Ilyich led the defense of the country, he headed the economic life of the republic. The Chairman of the Workers 'and Peasants' Defense Council had to work for 16-18 hours. per day. In addition to solving many everyday current issues, Vladimir Ilyich continued his theoretical activity, wrote articles on topical issues, published the pamphlet "The Next Tasks of Soviet Power", which covers the main issues of the socialist transformation of Russia, and the book "The Proletarian Revolution and the renegade Kautsky", which develops the Marxist doctrine of the socialist revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, exposes opportunist tendencies in the Soviet economy. views of one of the leaders of the Second International. Lenin speaks at congresses, conferences, and meetings. He is full of optimism. "We are now experiencing here perhaps the most difficult weeks of the entire revolution," he wrote to Klara Zetkin on July 26, 1918. "Class struggle and civil war have penetrated deep into the population: everywhere in the villages there is a split - the poor are for us, the kulaks are fiercely against us. The Entente has bought the Czechoslovaks, a counter-revolutionary uprising is raging, and the entire bourgeoisie is making every effort to overthrow us. Nevertheless, we firmly believe that we will avoid this" ordinary "course of the revolution (as in 1794 and 1849) and defeat the bourgeoisie." 1
The enemies understood that Lenin was the brain, the heart, the driving force of the revolution. And on August 30 at the former factory. Mikhelson was shot by Kaplan, who, on the instructions of the right SRS, was supposed to kill Vladimir Ilyich. But the hopes of the enemies were not justified: Lenin's body coped with the consequences of the wound. His recovery coincided with an emerging turning point in the country's situation: On September 7, the Red Army liberated Kazan, Grozny and Uralsk, on the 12th-Volsk and Simbirsk, on the 20th-Chistopol, and on October 7-Samara. At the same time, reports from abroad indicated that a revolution was brewing in Germany. That is why the celebration of the first anniversary of the victory of October was held in an atmosphere of great excitement.

After recovering from his injury, Vladimir Ilyich resumed leadership of the republic. His day is scheduled literally in 2 minutes . On November 6, the Sixth All-Russian Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Cossacks ' and Red Army Deputies opened at the Bolshoi Theater. The delegates received a storm of applause when Vladimir Ilyich appeared on the podium and dedicated his speech to the October anniversary. "We have to celebrate the anniversary of our revolution at a time when the most important events of the international labor movement are being played out," 3 he began his speech.

1 V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 50, p. 128.

2 See V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 37, p. 706.

3 Ibid., p. 137.

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speech by Vladimir Ilyich. He spoke of the successes achieved on the economic front, of the creation of a powerful Red Army, and of the peasants turning to new, socialist forms of land use; of the victories won on the fronts of the civil war, and of the flames of revolutionary struggle kindled in the West.

"We say: we are growing, the Soviet Republic is growing! Lenin continued. "The cause of the proletarian revolution is growing faster than the imperialist forces are approaching. We are full of hope and confidence that we are defending the interests not only of the Russian socialist revolution, but that we are waging war in defense of the world socialist revolution. Our hopes of victory are growing faster, because the consciousness of our workers is growing. What was the Soviet organization like last October? These were the first steps... and now we have the Soviet Constitution. We know that this Soviet Constitution, which was approved in July, was not invented by any commission, was not composed by lawyers, and was not copied from other constitutions. There have never been such constitutions in the world as ours. It records the experience of the struggle and organization of the proletarian masses against exploiters both at home and throughout the world. " 4 These Leninist words were met with applause. In the Kremlin Lenin Library there are two extensive sections - "Soviet legislation" and "State and Law", where among the many books collected all editions of the Constitution of the RSFSR, published during the lifetime of Vladimir Ilyich. And then, in 1918, stacks of pamphlets smelling of printing ink lay on Lenin's desk, and he handed them to visiting delegations.

After finishing his speech at the Congress of Soviets, Vladimir Ilyich left for the Kremlin during the break to attend to urgent matters.5 Urgent letters and telegrams were already lying on the desk in the study; visitors were waiting in the reception area. In the evening, he spoke in the Column Hall of the House of Unions at a solemn meeting of the All-Russian Central and Moscow Trade Union Councils. Since at that time Lenin was finishing his book against Kautsky and all the opportunists who tried to pervert the revolutionary essence of Marxism - the doctrine of the dictatorship, of the proletariat-he began his speech, as if relying on the results of his work and at the same time outlining the main result of the past year: "Today we are going to dozens and hundreds of meetings to celebrate anniversary of the October revolution. For those who have long participated in the working - class movement, who were formerly connected with the lower ranks of the workers, and who were in close contact with the factory and the factory, it is clear that the past year was the year of a genuine proletarian dictatorship. This concept was previously unknown book Latin, some combination of hard-to-understand words. Intellectuals looked for explanations of this concept in scientific books, which, however, gave them a very vague idea of what a proletarian dictatorship is. And our main achievement over the past year is that we translated these words from incomprehensible Latin into understandable Russian. Over the past year, the working class has not been engaged in intellectual speculation, but has actually created a proletarian dictatorship and implemented it, despite the agitated minds of intellectuals."6 Vladimir Ilyich emphasized the merits of the trade unions in establishing production and warned that the progress achieved must be developed, that the situation is still difficult and that no less difficulties are ahead for the proletariat of Soviet Russia to overcome.

On one of the solemn, festive days, Vladimir Ilyich attended a rally at the former factory. Michelson. His arrival was a surprise for both the organizers and participants of the rally. Walking from the car to the shop where the workers with their wives and children were gathered, Vladimir Ilyich noticed a wooden obelisk placed on the spot where he was wounded on August 30. "What are you doing, comrades?" "What is it?" he asked those around him. "This place is sacred to us. Your blood was spilled here, Vladimir Ilyich. So we put up a monument on this place." - "You started an unnecessary business, now is not the time to deal with such monuments," Vladimir Ilyich said with displeasure and quickly went to the building where the workers were gathered 7 . For a long time he could not begin his speech: waves of applause rolled from end to end of the huge workshop-

4 Ibid., pp. 146-147.

5 " Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Biographical chronicle", vol. 6, Moscow, 1975, sto 205

6 V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 37, p. 132.

7 "Lenin in Moscow", Moscow, 1957, p. 225.

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cops and cheers. The workers listened to His speech with great attention. Krupskaya wrote that Vladimir Ilyich "never promised anything, never made any promises, but only said what he thought. And the workers said of Lenin: "He speaks to us seriously..." 8
On November 7, 1918, several speeches by Vladimir Ilyich took place. On that day, according to the plan of monumental propaganda in Moscow, a monument to Karl Marx and Fr. To Engels. Newsreel footage brought to our days the solemn and joyful atmosphere of this event. The Republic of Soviets erected a monument to the creators of the theory of scientific communism. It was a tribute to the feat of their lives, it was a vow to bring this theory to life 9 . Then Vladimir Ilyich and other leaders of the party and state came to Red Square, where a memorial plaque made of colored cement to the fighters of the October Revolution (now stored in the Russian Museum in Leningrad) was unveiled. Its author was S. T. Konenkov. Already in the morning, people gathered on Red Square. The mass graves running along the Kremlin Wall were decorated with garlands of fir branches and flowers; the memorial plaque on the Senate Tower was flanked by laurel trees. Troops were stationed in the square. To the sound of the orchestra, Vladimir Ilyich, together with the delegates of the Sixth Congress of Soviets, entered the square. When they reached the wall, all the banners were lowered, and the song "You have fallen as a sacrifice" was played. Vladimir Ilyich was instructed to open the board. Climbing a ladder, he cut the scarlet ribbon, the satin curtain fell, and the audience saw a panel: the winged figure of a female genius of Victory, clutching a red banner in her right hand,and a green palm branch in her left. The rays of the rising sun form the words: "October 1917 revolution". At the feet of Victory - broken swords, guns stuck in the ground. At the bottom of the board is an inscription that became the title of this work by Konenkov: "To those who fell in the struggle for peace and brotherhood of peoples" 10 .

Vladimir Ilyich went up to a makeshift podium high above Red Square and delivered a speech that vowed to continue the cause of those who fell for the victory of the Revolution .11 And then the first parade was held on the square in honor of the anniversary of October. Vladimir Ilyich joyfully greeted the columns of workers, students, and cadets of military schools. The passage of troops and the demonstration continued for several hours.

Returning from the square, Vladimir Ilyich found a joyful telegram on his desk: The Red Army liberated Izhevsk. He immediately sent a reply telegram to the Commander of the 2nd Army, V. I. Shorin, in which he congratulated the Red Army soldiers on their victory and on the first anniversary of October 12 . In the evening, Lenin attended a rally-concert of Cheka employees and in a short speech called on the Cheka to strengthen the fight against counterrevolution. He said that the extraordinary commissions are organs of the dictatorship of the proletariat and perform the functions of suppressing the resistance of the exploiters .13 Those who were lucky enough to attend this evening noted that Vladimir Ilyich listened with interest and watched the concert, in which not only professional artists performed, but also employees of the Cheka themselves.

November 8 was already a normal working day for the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars: Vladimir Ilyich looked through food and transport reports, gave orders, received visitors, then participated in the work of the VI All-Russian Congress of Soviets, where he delivered a speech on the international situation .14 On the same day, more than 450 delegates from Moscow, Tula, Oryol, Kaluga, Vladimir, Tver, Smolensk, Ryazan and other central provinces listened to Lenin at a meeting of the poor people's committees organized by the editorial board of the newspaper Bednota. In her memoirs, N. K. Krupskaya noted that the peasants were still far from understanding necessity

8 N. K. Krupskaya. About Lenin. Collection of articles and speeches, Moscow, 1965, p. 47.

9 "Lenin in Moscow and the Moscow region", Moscow, 1974, pp. 122-123.

10 A. Kamensky, S. T. Konenkov, Moscow, 1975, p. 114.

11 See V. I. Lenin, PSS. Vol. 37, pp. 171-172.

12 Ibid., p. 706.

13 See ibid., p. 173.

14 Ibid., p. 706; " Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Biographical chronicle", vol. 6, pp. 211-212.

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associations: "The poor individual farmers, for whom the issues of collectivization of agriculture and collective land cultivation were not yet relevant, sat in front of Ilyich and listened to him... Ilyich felt the need for this long-term work. He clearly saw all the difficulties, but he considered this issue decisive. " 15 Lenin devoted his speech to the question of organizing the peasantry to fight the kulaks and to create new relations of production in the countryside and a new way of life .

During the celebration of the first anniversary of October in Soviet Russia, news of the events in Germany was eagerly awaited. Telegrams that a revolution had taken place there arrived on November 9. II. Lenin ended his brilliant work, The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky, with a major chord: "On the night of 9-10, news was received from Germany of the beginning of a victorious revolution, first in Kiel and other northern and coastal cities, where power had passed into the hands of the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, and then in Berlin, where the power of the Proletarian Revolution also passed into the hands of the Council. The conclusion that remains for me to write to the pamphlet on Kautsky and the Proletarian Revolution becomes superfluous. " 17 "The October days of the first anniversary were one of the happiest in Ilyich's life,"18 Krupskaya noted.

The second year of the young Soviet republic's existence was difficult. From different sides, the Entente and White Guard troops simultaneously attacked it. There were moments when the Kolchakists were separated from Kazan and Simbirsk by 85-100 km; Denikin's troops, having occupied Orel, threatened Tula, and Yudenich was standing at the gates of Petrograd. All the threads of the country's defense are concentrated in Lenin's hands, and all forces are devoted to the defense of the socialist Fatherland. Vladimir Ilyich calls on the working people to stand up with their breasts against the enemy. He writes a number of documents, articles, appeals, in which he gives a detailed program for mobilizing all the forces and resources of the country to repel the enemy. Lenin controls and directs the activities of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic and the High Command, and when necessary sharply criticizes the shortcomings in the work of these bodies, demanding from them more decisive and energetic actions to defeat the enemy. In the Kremlin office of Vladimir Ilyich there are more than 50 special maps and diagrams with the development of the most important operations of the civil war period. They show that not a single important decision related to the defense of the republic was made without the active participation of Lenin. At the same time, it carried out daily activities related to all forms of internal life of the country, its economic and cultural construction.

By the time the second anniversary of October was celebrated, a turning point had emerged on all fronts. The Urals were liberated, Yudenich was defeated, and at the end of October the Red Army also went on the offensive on the Southern Front. On public holidays, Vladimir Ilyich is extremely busy with current work: meetings of the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of Workers 'and Peasants' Defense, and taking urgent measures. His articles devoted to the two-year anniversary of the revolution 19 appear in the press . On November 7, 1919, a parade was held on Red Square. It was a cold day. It was snowing. Rare newsreel footage preserved for us the image of Vladimir Ilyich, when he greeted the parade participants passing through the square.

On the same day, Lenin addresses a joint meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Moscow Soviet, the All-Union Central Executive Committee, and the factory committees, dedicated to a significant date. His entire speech is imbued with pride in what he has accomplished. Again and again Vladimir Ilyich emphasizes that the working people of the Land of the Soviets had to fight for two years in incredibly difficult conditions with the major imperialist powers, and in these conditions we not only managed to survive, but also began to win .20 Lenin not only summed up the results of state construction, the strengthening of party ranks, the strengthening of the working class's ties with the peasantry, and military victories, but also spoke of the international significance of the experience of Soviet construction: "In the second year after we won power, and six months after we founded the Third International, the International of Communists, this International became in fact the most important force

15 "Memoirs of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", vol. 1, Moscow, 1968, p. 556.

16 See V. I. Lenin, PSS. Vol. 37, pp. 175-182.

17 Ibid., p. 331.

18 "Memoirs of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", vol. 1, p. 555.

19 See V. I. Lenin, PSS. Vol. 39, pp. 283-291.

20 See ibid., pp. 292-303.

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in the working-class movement of all countries. In this respect, the experience that we have done has yielded the most brilliant, unprecedented, and rapid results."21 . To raucous applause, Vladimir Ilyich ended his speech with the following words:: "After two years of Soviet rule, we can say that not only on the scale of the Russian state, we have every right, proved by facts, to say that even on an international scale we now have behind us everything that is conscious, everything that is revolutionary in the masses, in the revolutionary world. And we can say that we are not afraid of any difficulties after what we have endured, that we will endure all these difficulties, and after that we will all overcome them. " 22 The whole hall stood up and sang "Internationale" with inspiration, and Vladimir Ilyich sang the party anthem along with everyone else.

The year 1920 was the year of new victories on the fronts, the lifting of the blockade, the strengthening of Soviet power, and the beginning of extensive economic construction. At the suggestion of Vladimir Ilyich, the first long - term plan for the development of the national economy is being developed-the State Plan for Electrification of Russia (GOELRO). The imperialist intervention and civil war devastated the country: industrial production has declined sevenfold since 1913. The economy was in a terrible state. Revealing the enormous significance of the electrification plan, Lenin called it the second program of the party.

The third anniversary of Great October, like the previous ones, was marked by numerous mass rallies and meetings in all districts of Moscow, in factories and factories. Vladimir Ilyich could be seen in those days in different districts of the capital. He gives speeches summarizing the three-year anniversary, talks with workers. This is how the day of November 6, 1920 was formed. In the morning, in his office, he writes letters: one to members of the Central Committee with a proposal to prepare for the upcoming plenum of the Central Committee the question of submitting G. M. Krzhizhanovsky's report on the GOELRO plan to the Congress of Soviets, the other to Gleb Maksimilianovich on the tasks of the State Commission for Electrification of Russia. At Lenin's reception on this day, the SNK commissioner for railway orders abroad, Yu .V. Lomonosov, visited 23. A meeting of the Council of People's Commissars chaired by Vladimir Ilyich lasted for several hours, where they discussed the draft resolution on the standards of workers 'supply (Lenin writes point "b" of this document), the resolution on the supply of employees and workers of Soviet institutions (makes changes to the draft), sending an authorized commission to the Donbass, the issue of a short form of reporting for information People's Commissars on the state of grain procurement and grain transportation, on sugar protection in the Ukraine, on standardization of the main types of raw materials, on the inclusion of a representative of the Moscow Soviet in the commission on labor Supply, statement on red tape in the Small Council of People's Commissars when considering the "Code of Punishments for Violation of Labor Discipline", draft resolution on changing the resolution of the SRT of October 1, 1920. on the provision of Red Army rations and other issues 24 .

Just listing the issues on the agenda of the Council of People's Commissars on November 6 shows that their consideration and decision-making are possible only with a well-thought-out meeting procedure. Vladimir Ilyich clearly organized the work of the government apparatus, made it operational. According to the rules of procedure written by Lenin, the speaker was entitled to 10 minutes, in the debate the first speech - 5 minutes, the second-3 minutes 25 . Vladimir Ilyich had to put a lot of effort into making these regulations an immutable law of the Council of People's Commissars ' work, and its members learned to strictly follow the established procedure. After all, a ten-minute report required a thorough knowledge of the issue, a clear formulation of proposals and conclusions, and hid a huge preliminary work. Everyone who was lucky enough to be a participant in the meetings led by Vladimir Ilyich emphasizes the businesslike and at the same time friendly atmosphere that is characteristic of them.: "In the Council of People's Commissars there was some kind of condensed mood, it seemed that the SA-

21 Ibid., p. 302.

22 Ibid., pp. 302-303.

23 See V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 42, p. 551.

24 See ibid., pp. 551-552.

25 See V. I. Lenin, PSS. Vol. 50, p. 274.

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my time became more dense, so many facts, thoughts and decisions fit into every given minute. But at the same time, there was not the slightest taste of bureaucracy, the game of high-ranking, or even the strain of people doing back-breaking work. More than ever, under Lenin, this work, for all its responsibilities, seemed "easy." 26
In addition to the meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, Vladimir Ilyich also speaks at the solemn meeting of the plenum of the Moscow City Council, MK RCP (b) and MGSPS, dedicated to the third anniversary of the October Revolution. Together with Nadezhda Konstantinovna, he went to the Bolshoi Theater. The auditorium is packed. People are especially lively and joyful. After all, success is certain, the defeat of the last Entente protege, the "black baron" Wrangel, is coming to an end, and great hopes are pinned on the electrification plan. Vladimir Ilyich waited a few minutes for the cheering to subside. Finally, his calm, confident voice echoed through the room: "Comrades, we are gathered here today to commemorate the days of the struggle of our proletariat, to commemorate our revolutionary achievements. Today we can celebrate our victory. Despite the unheard-of difficulties of life, despite the unheard-of efforts of our enemies, we still won."27 . Lenin spoke of the advantages of the new social and state system, of the heroism and selflessness shown by the Red Army men at the front, and by the workers and peasants in the rear. Summing up the events, Vladimir Ilyich noted that along with the strengthening of socialism, the capitalist system is weakening.

Vladimir Ilyich spent almost the entire day of November 7 among the working people of Moscow. In the morning, Kremlin workers opened a club in the Arsenal building, dedicating it to the memory of the soldiers of the 56th Regiment who defended the Kremlin in October 1917 and were shot by junkers. Of course, the workers wanted to see Vladimir Ilyich at their meeting that day. A delegation was sent to Lenin with an invitation, and he readily agreed to address the workers and residents of the Kremlin. About 11 o'clock. Vladimir Ilyich and Nadezhda Konstantinovna came to gate 28, leading to the Arsenal yard. At the same time, an employee with a small daughter appeared at the gate. She couldn't get over the high threshold of the gate. Vladimir Ilyich took the little girl in his arms and went into the courtyard. Festively dressed people were heading towards the club from all directions, all with scarlet bows on their chests. In his speech, Vladimir Ilyich spoke about the situation at the fronts and called on the workers to work even harder to provide the Red Army with everything necessary for the final victory over the White Guards and interventionists .29 The workers assured Lenin that they would work tirelessly for the common victory. The rally is over, but Vladimir Ilyich is in no hurry to leave the club. He continues his conversation with the workers and women workers who have surrounded him in a tight circle. He is interested in all aspects of their life - work, everyday life. He asks how many women work in the Arsenal, whether they are involved in community service, and whether there is a nursery and kindergarten for 30 children .

The driver reminds Vladimir Ilyich that they are waiting for him in another place. After saying goodbye to the workers, Lenin goes to the car, where F. E. Dzerzhinsky is already sitting. There were only a few minutes left before the solemn graduation of the students of the Moscow Cavalry School-young commanders who had completed short-term courses and were going to the Southern Front. Cadets of the school and graduates of the courses were lined up in the Arena. Vladimir Ilyich's speech was short: he congratulated the graduates, spoke about the achievements of the Soviet government over the past three years, and called on the soldiers to victoriously finish the fight against external and internal counterrevolution .31
At 13 o'clock. Lenin is already in his office. He is preparing for the upcoming plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), writing theses on trade unions in connection with the speech of the opposition at the V All-Russian Conference of Trade Unions held in those days. 32 These theses later formed the basis for the decisions of the plenum.

26 "Memoirs of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", vol. 3, Moscow, 1969, p. 233.

27 V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 42, p. 1.

28 See Lenin in Moscow and the Moscow Region, p. 105.

29 L. Kunetskaya, K. Mashtakov A. Lenin lived and worked in the Kremlin, Moscow, 1973, p. 183.

30 "Evening Moscow", 20. IV. 1957.

31 "Lenin in Moscow", p. 294.

32 See V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 42, p. 552.

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On the evening of November 7, Lenin made another speech at a meeting of the plenum of the Sokolniki District Soviet of Workers ' and Red Army Deputies, together with representatives of factory committees and enterprise boards. The meeting was held in the premises of the former Tivoli Theater. Unfortunately, only a brief newspaper report about this speech of Vladimir Ilyich has been preserved, but it indicates the main aspects of his speech: for three years, all the forces of the country were directed to win the war, now it is necessary to win on the internal front. Lenin spoke of the questions to be discussed at the next Congress of Soviets: all enthusiasm and discipline must be transferred to the work of peaceful economic construction, and in this work the participation of the ordinary masses must be secured .33
The fourth year of the existence of the Country of Soviets was spent in conditions when the imperialist interventionists and internal counter-revolution were crushed. The civil war is over. But there were new challenges ahead - overcoming economic ruin, lack of food, crop failure, and hunger. At the X Party Congress, Vladimir Ilyich put forward a plan for the transition to a new economic policy. Its implementation has become one of the main tasks of the party and the Government. It was in 1921 that the pace of Lenin's work was particularly "frenzied." 34
And now the fourth anniversary of the October Revolution has arrived. During the festival, Lenin is in the midst of the masses. In different districts of Moscow, workers listen to his speeches. His first performance took place in the club of the plant "Rubber"35 . Vladimir Ilyich arrived when the report had already begun. The Presidium wanted to give him a rostrum, but Vladimir Ilyich said that he wanted to listen to the workers, asked not to change the order of the meeting and give him the floor later. Secretary of the party organization of the plant A. G. Kasperovich recalled: "Ilyich spoke for 15-20 minutes. He promised to make a more detailed report on his next visit. Vladimir Ilyich spoke about the situation in the country and our difficulties. At the end of his speech, he spoke about a bright future, about socialism. A group of comrades accompanied V. I. Lenin to the car, which was standing in the yard of the factory " 36 . Last handshakes and greetings... Vladimir Ilyich gets into the car and asks the driver to take him to Krasnaya Presnya.

He always liked to perform in front of Krasnopresnenskaya residents, among whom there were many participants not only in the October Revolution, but also in the heroic December 1905 uprising. As Vladimir Ilyich drove through the streets lit by sparse street lamps, he saw workers, often with their families, hurrying to various clubs and meetings. Many buildings were decorated with flags and slogans. On this cold November evening, there was a festive cheer in the capital. The car turned into a familiar two-story blackened brick building. Lenin went up the outer staircase to the second floor, where the club was located. Young workers with red armbands were standing at the entrance. They immediately escorted Vladimir Ilyich to the already crowded hall. More than 3 thousand people gathered in the dining room of the Prokhorovskaya manufactory, where Vladimir Ilyich has already performed four times. The rally was conceived as an evening of memories of the participants of the revolution 37 . It was opened by A. M. Kollontai, then the workers began to perform. They greeted Vladimir Ilyich with a standing ovation. Here, at the Prokhorov manufactory, he often talked with workers, and knew many of the leaders of the party organization personally. And this time, Lenin not only summed up the path he had traveled, but also aimed at the future. "Four years gave us," said Vladimir Ilyich, " the realization of an unprecedented miracle: a hungry, weak, dilapidated country defeated its enemies - the powerful capitalist countries. We have won an unprecedented, undreamed-of, firm international position. Now there is still a huge task-to improve the national economy. All that we have achieved shows that we are relying on the most wonderful power in the world - the power of the workers and peasants. This gives us confidence that we will celebrate the next anniversary under the sign of victory on the labor front."38 . Late in the evening, Lenin returned to the Kremlin, but still continued to work. Cha-

33 See ibid., p. 11.

34 "Two months of V. I. Lenin's work", Moscow, 1934, p. 4.

35 "Lenin in Moscow and the Moscow region", p. 331.

36 Ibid.

37 Ibid., p. 232.

38 V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 44, p. 234.

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owl, standing at the Trinity Tower of the Kremlin, for a long time saw the light in the windows of Lenin's office.

The next day Vladimir Ilyich spoke twice. First, in the Khamovnichesky district, in a large auditorium of Higher Women's Courses, where workers, female workers, Red Army men and young people of district 39 gathered . Then he went to the Dynamo factory. On November 5, the plant's staff sent a special delegation to the plant with an invitation letter: "Dear Vladimir Ilyich, We invite you to take a look at our family evening-a rally of factory workers in memory of the October Revolution on November 7. The Dynamo factory, which took an active part in the revolutionary movement of the working class since 1903, deserves to see in its walls the great leader of the proletarian revolution. Your presence will inspire the factory workers to continue working under the siege of the capitalist world. " 40 Lenin was well aware of the factory's revolutionary traditions and attached great importance to its products. Vladimir Ilyich told the representatives of the plant that he would definitely come to them.

The workers carefully prepared for this meeting, carefully decorated the huge workshop. Long before the appointed hour, more than 3 thousand people gathered for a rally, a group of workers was allocated to meet Lenin at the factory gate. He arrived on time. I spent a few minutes talking to the workers in the director's office, taking an interest in their work and everyday life. Vladimir Ilyich asked the workers if they could electrify the village. After all, the problem of supplying it with electricity was the most pressing issue of the day. The workers assured Lenin that their factory, provided with raw materials and fuel, could produce everything necessary for the electrification of the village .41 "Except for the light bulbs," someone remarked. The conversation continued when Lenin went to the workshop where the rally was being held. He walked in a tight circle of workers, answering their questions and asking them in turn. And here is Lenin on the podium. The workers listened with bated breath to his fiery speech about the achievements of four years of Soviet power. His speech was full of optimism, looking forward to the future .42 Lenin's closing words are covered with thunderous applause from the workers.

On the evening of November 7, 1921. Vladimir Ilyich attended a gala concert at the Bolshoi Theater. The famous ballerina Isadora Duncan performed the dance "Emancipation of the People", created by her to the music of Tchaikovsky's Sixth Symphony, etude "International". Vladimir Ilyich liked Duncan's speech very much, and applauded her from the central box, where he sat with other members of the government .43
1921 was the last year when Vladimir Ilyich actively and directly participated in the celebration of the anniversary of October. The following year, his health deteriorated. But he still leads the life of the country. Doctors persistently demanded strict restrictions on his speeches and participation in meetings. That is why in the October days of 1922 Lenin did not go to the factories and factories. He writes letters of welcome to the delegates of the non-party conference of working women and peasants of Moscow and the Moscow Gubernia, and to the workers of the former factory. Michelson, workers and employees of the state electric power station "Electric Transmission", Stodolsky cloth factory in Klintsy 44 . In all these letters, Vladimir Ilyich warmly congratulates the workers on their glorious anniversary and wishes them further success in building socialism. He expresses his sincere regret that he cannot be with them during these joyful days.

Immediately after the fifth anniversary of the Great October Revolution, Lenin's last two public speeches took place. On November 13, he delivered a report at the Fourth Congress of the Comintern, "Five Years of the Russian Revolution and Prospects for the World Revolution," 45 speaking in German. Vladimir Ilyich speaks frankly about the difficulties that still face Soviet Russia and the communists of all countries. But his speech is optimistic and imbued with faith in the victory of the proletariat all over the world. November 20, 2015-

39 "Lenin in Moscow and the Moscow region", p. 251.

40 Ibid., p. 312.

41 See ibid.

42 See V. I. Lenin. PSS. Vol. 44, p. 238.

43 I. Schneider. Meetings with Yesenin, Moscow, 1974, pp. 63-64.

44 See V. I. Lenin, PSS. Vol. 45, pp. 270-272.

45 See ibid., pp. 278-294.

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nin performed at the plenum of the Moscow Soviet, which was held at the Bolshoi Theater. The final words of his speech spread all over the world: "Socialism is no longer a question of the distant future, or of any abstract picture, or of any icon... We have dragged socialism into everyday life, and we need to figure it out. That is the task of our day, that is the task of our epoch. Let me conclude by expressing my confidence that no matter how difficult this task is, no matter how new it is compared to our previous task, and no matter how many difficulties it causes us, all of us together, not tomorrow, but in a few years, all of us together will solve this problem at all costs, so that the NEP Russia will be a socialist Russia " 46 .

Many years separate us from the October anniversaries, in the celebration of which Vladimir Ilyich participated. He enjoyed every new year that our country lived through. Now there are already 60 of them. But still Lenin's ideas, the bright image of the creator of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the socialist state, the leader of the world's first victorious proletarian revolution inspire workers to build a communist future.

46 Ibid., p. 309.

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